What challenges arise when mapping quantum chemistry to qubits?

Example Concept: Quantum chemistry simulations on quantum computers often use techniques like the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) to approximate the ground state energy of molecules. The challenge lies in encoding the electronic structure problem into a qubit-based Hamiltonian, which requires efficient mapping strategies such as the Jordan-Wigner or Bravyi-Kitaev transformations. These mappings convert fermionic operators to qubit operators, but they can introduce overhead in terms of qubit count and circuit depth, impacting the feasibility of simulations on near-term quantum devices.