How does quantum error correction handle logical qubit errors in a noisy environment?

Example Concept: Quantum error correction uses codes like the Shor code or the surface code to protect logical qubits. These codes distribute the information of a single logical qubit across several physical qubits. By performing syndrome measurements, errors such as bit-flip or phase-flip can be detected and corrected without collapsing the quantum state. The surface code, for instance, is highly effective in 2D architectures and can correct errors by using a lattice of qubits where logical operations are performed through braiding.